"Mera Bharat Mahaan!" is what we say. Indeed India has been a great prosperous country. It has been truly rich in aspects of wealth, culture, values and way of living.There are facts which prove why it has been called Punyabhoomi. But do we still hold good to justify all these? Look at India today! I would blame ourselves, the society for what it is today. We Indians have been too tolerant. We never fought back to the injustice happening in front of our eyes and same is the story even today. And we expect change to happen and follow the change rather than we being the change ourselves. Britishers conquered us, they ruled us. How could they do it? They did it with their 'divide & rule' tactics. But why to blame them? We Indians should have stood undivided.. we should have believed in our values and heritage. But we failed in it. To assert their principles and authority, they ruined our precious heritage, vedic scriptures and values. They enforced their education system, their philosophies and even today we follow it. We look at them, follow them, they stand tall in our eyes today, and we say "See where they are and see how our nation is still a developing one with rare hopes, not worth being punyabhoomi".
This way of thinking has to change. Unless we speak good of ourselves, how can we expect others to do so? And to speak good of ourselves, we should know our history and heritage first. Here is a small attempt from my side to throw light upon how Bharat was..how were our ideologies, how substantial our education system was..how proud we actually should be for our culture, tradition, ancient scholars whom we should be regarding as the true founders of science and technology...Please join me....Please adopt a positive attitude towards our nation and please let us all make it true again that "Mera Bharat is indeed Mahaan!".
Indo-Aryan invasion - a fake assumption!
Ancient Indian Scholars
The Hindu calculation of Time
Indo-Aryan invasion - a fake assumption!
History says Indo-Aryans are immigrants from central Asia or Europe, and their invasion made the so called Dravidians move down to Southern India. Well, we often try justifying it by linking Swastik symbol used by Germany or the lighter skin of the North Indians, etc . But the interesting point which we miss is that it has been never told in our ancient scriptures, vedas or puranas. The history what we study is what the Britishers taught us, we followed their education system, we believed what they showed or told us. But through Indian literature or vedic scriptures, have you ever heard that?
This theory of Aryan invasion is generally linked with the theories proposed by the German based historian Max Muller. Well, what Max Muller stressed upon was that he believed in a common Indian and European ancestry. Why cant the common Indian and European ancestry be seen the other way around that -Europeans are basically immigrants from India?
Muller was always fascinated by the ancient Indian literature, be it with respect to religion or language or art or way of living. And always it has been looked upon as being so native and indigenous.
Muller once wrote that;- (from wikipedia)
In 1868 he wrote to George Campbell, the newly appointed Secretary of State for India:(from wikipedia)
—Max Müller, (1868) Ancient India as a civilized spiritual giant, has always been a threat to the Britishers. So rich, profound and factual are our scriptures that they felt it could endanger their philosophies and literary works. Hence they were more bent upon eradicating even what remained in India after repetitive invasions on her land.
In his 60s through 70s, Max Müller gave a series of lectures, which reflected a more nuanced, upbeat views in favour of Hinduism and the ancient literature from India. In his "What can India teach us?" lecture at University of Cambridge, he championed ancient Sanskrit literature and India as follows: (from wikipedia)
All the knowledge contained in all the ancient literatures has been always considered so native and indigenous to its land. "There is not one word in our scriptures, not one, to prove that Aryan ever came from anywhere outside the country." - Swami Vivekananda
"Theory of Aryan invasion is an invention. It is based upon nothing but pleasing assumptions. It is a perversion of scientific investigations, it is not allowed to evolve out of facts. On the contrary, the theory is pre-conceived and facts are selected to prove it." - Dr. Ambedkar
History of India authored by Mount Stuart Elphinstone in 1841 stated categorically,"Neither in the code of Manu nor Veda-s nor in any other book is there any allusion to a prior residence or to a knowledge of more than the name of any country out of India...to say that it spread from a central point is a gratuitous assumption."
According to Michel Danninot, a French born Indian historian, this so called Aryan invasion is one of the biggest myths.
Danninot says the Aryan theory was propagated by Indologists like Max Mueller and the theory was deliberately misused by colonial powers to divide North and South India, besides the upper and lower castes. (-from speakingtree.in)
Hence all this boils down to the fact that, there is no evidence based on which this Indo-Aryan invasion can be considered true. On the contrary Britishers put all their effort to make it sound true and make it a part of their 'divide and rule' policy.
Also, it is said the Vedas have been written by the Aryans. The Janeu (sacred thread worn by Brahmins) tells us that the person wearing it, bears the knowledge of 3 Vedas (rigveda, yajurved, samved. Atharvaveda is generally ignored since it talks about black magic). According to Hindu calendar, the whole Kaal (time) is considered as equivalent to Brahma's age which is 100 cosmic years. One cosmic year contains 11 Manus, each Manu contains 71 Mahayugas, each Mahayuga has 4 Yugas - Satyayug, Treatayug,Dwapar yug,Kali yug. Kali yug contains 4,32,000 human years. We are currently in the 51st Brahma cosmic year, 7th Manu and 28th Mahayug. And currently it is Kali yug. Aryans have been suspected to be people belonging to the Indus valley civilization who slowly moved to north India. But as per Hindu calendar, Indus valley civilization had begun only in the the very beginning of this Kali yuga. To rewind time, Mahabharata occurred in the Dwapar yug of this Mahayug. And going back still further, Ramayana occurred in 51st Brahma year, 2nd Manu, 5th Mahayuga, Treta yuga. And even then prevailed the varnashrama system of brahmins,kshatriya,vaishnav,shudra. So if Aryans belong to Indus valley civilization and were the owners of vedas, why did brahmins during Ramayana age wear janeu? Which Vedas did they study then? And How come Lord Ram rule ayodhya, kosala desh, go to rameshwaram, cross the sea and go to Lanka when all these regions belonged to India.
I guess your head is swirling with these facts. Fikar not! In a nutshell, all this aryan dravidian concept is a crap.
Ancient Indian Scholars
Bharat has always been way ahead as far as science and technology is concerned. Below listed are the works of some of our ancient scholars and you may be surprised to know that we Indians really had been so knowledgeable and skilled. But the next questions shooting in our mind would be 'If such is the case, then where are the records now? What happened to those books which is said to be written by them..We can easily follow it and get ahead of other nations now in science and technology...'. How I answer these questions to myself is that, in ancient India, we had a kind of oral education system. Gurus used to teach students orally and tended to more of a practical approach. It was not theoretical that you print books, give it to students and pass it on. Yes, it is not that books were never written..but not on a large scale. Gurus would have recorded their findings as a book and the students might have accessed it. But there might not have been large scale copies of it. And eventually as time passed on, many got lost, many were not passed on to next generation properly and on account of many such reasons availability of such precious records would have become very rare and difficult. Moreover all the records would have been written in Sanskrit, and the script has changed from time to time. And when finally Mughals/Britishers invaded India they ruined many of such remaining records. Hence today with whatever is remaining with us, we are able to say that we have been the founders, but we might not have complete information. And as said, the script of these books may be a barrier now in understanding them.
Acharya Kanad- 600 BCE - atomic theory
Bhaskaracharya - 1114-1183 BCE - law of gravity
Born in jalgaon, maharashtra, he was the first to propose law of gravity 500 yrs before Newton. In Surya Siddhanta - he stated the law of gravity, also calculated time taken by earth to orbit the sun - 365.258756484 days. He was also a genius in maths and he recorded his mathematical works in book called Lilavati, bijaganita. In his book siddhanta shiromani - he wrote about position of planets, eclipse, cosmography, mathematical technique and astronomical equipments.
Acharya Charak - 600 BCE - Father of medicine
In book Charak Samhita -mentions about human anatomy, embryology, pharmacology, blood circulation, diseases like diabetes, TB, heart diseases, etc. Has mentioned functions of 1,00,000 herbal plants, corelation between spirituality and physical health, ethical character for medical practioners what we call oath today.
Sage Bharadwaj - 800 BCE - Aviation
In book Vymaanika Shaastra (4th century BC text) mentioned operation of ancient vimaanas, information on steering, precautions for long flights, protection of airships from storms and lightning, how to switch the drive to solar energy. Vimaanas were said to take off vertically.
He has described three categories of flying machines: 1.) One that flies on earth from one place to another. 2.) One that travels from one planet to another. 3.) And One that travels from one universe to another
Sage Kanva -Treta Yuga - Science of wind
In Rigveda, in Jagati meter of God Wind, in Pavamana Soma in meter Gayatri, he has explained the science of wind. He looked after Shakuntala when she was abandoned by her parents(Vishwamitra), and also he took care of her son Bharat.
Kapil Muni - 3000 BCE - cosmology
In book Sankhya Darshan - defined dhyaan or state of mind or meditation. He stated principles of the ultimate Soul (Purusha), primal matter (Prakruti) and creation. His concept of transformation of energy and profound commentaries on atma, non-atma and the subtle elements of the cosmos, makes him father of cosmology.
Acharya Patanjali -200 BCE - father of yoga
Born in district Gonda in UP, taught how to control breath to control body,mind and soul. Acharya Patanjali's 84 yogic postures effectively enhance the efficiency of the respiratory, circulatory, nervous, digestive and endocrine systems and many other organs of the body. Yoga has eight limbs where Acharya Patanjali shows the attainment of the ultimate bliss of God in samadhi through the disciplines of: yam, niyam, asan, pranayam, pratyahar, dhyan and dharna. The Science of Yoga has gained popularity because of its scientific approach and benefits. Yoga also holds the honored place as one of six philosophies in the Indian philosophical system. Acharya Patanjali will forever be remembered and revered as a pioneer in the science of self-discipline, happiness and self-realization.
Aryabhatt - 476 CE - master astronomer and mathematician
Born in Kusumpur,Bihar, in Aryabhatiyam he has stated motion of planets, time of eclipse, stated earth is round, rotates on its axis, revolves the sun ans id suspended in space 1000 years before Copernicus published his heliocentric theory. He is also acknowledged for calculating p (Pi) to four decimal places: 3.1416 and the sine table in trigonometry. Centuries later, in 825 CE, the Arab mathematician, Mohammed Ibna Musa credited the value of Pi to the Indians, "This value has been given by the Hindus." And above all, his most spectacular contribution was the concept of zero without which modern computer technology would have been non-existent.
Acharya Sushruta - 600 BCE - father of surgery
Son of Sage Vishwamitra, he has described cesaerean, cataract, artificial limbs, rhinoplasty(nose), fractures, urinary stone, cosmetic surgery, dislocations, etc. in his book Sushruta Samhita - 300 surgical procedures and 125 instruments.
Varahamihira - 499-587 CE- astrology
Renowned astrologer and astronomer who was honored with a special decoration and status as one of the nine gems in the court of King Vikramaditya in Avanti (Ujjain). In his book pancha siddhant - he described moon and planets are not lustrous because of their own light, but due to sunlight. In bruhad samhita , bruhad Jatak, revealed discovery in domain of geography, botany and animal science. Presented cures for diseases afflicting many plants and trees.
Nagarjuna - 100 CE - chemistry
He was an extraordinary wizard of science born in the nondescript village of Baluka in Madhya Pradesh. His dedicated research for twelve years produced maiden discoveries and inventions in the faculties of chemistry and metallurgy. Textual masterpieces like "Ras Ratnakar," "Rashrudaya" and "Rasendramangal" are his renowned contributions to the science of chemistry. Where the medieval alchemists of England failed, Nagarjuna had discovered the alchemy of transmuting base metals into gold. As the author of medical books like "Arogyamanjari" and "Yogasar," he also made significant contributions to the field of curative medicine. Because of his profound scholarliness and versatile knowledge, he was appointed as Chancellor of the famous University of Nalanda.
Note:
B.C., which stands for "Before Christ," is used to date events before the birth of Jesus. A.D. is the abbreviation for the Latin phrase anno Domini, which means "in the year of our Lord," and is used for dates after Jesus's birth. This system of dating has been used for many years by Western archaeologists. Today, however, with a growing understanding that not all archaeologists are Christians, some archaeologists prefer to use the terms: Before the Common Era (B.C.E.) and the Common Era (C.E.), which are exactly the same as B.C. and A.D. but have nothing to do with Christianity.
The Hindu Calculation of Time
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Everything is a cycle. The creation and destruction of universe is also a cyclic routine. It is said that the birth and expansion of universe is a process of 311.04 trillion yrs (maha-manvantara) and its destruction and non-existence also remains for the same period of time.I studied many articles on internet about the Hindu calendar out of my sheer interest and I was really stunned at how we have been so perfect about these scientific calculations during age old times. I got to learn so many things and finally realized that what I'm searching for is an ocean and what I got to know are just droplets.
As per Hindu calendar, the time related calculations are based on the age of Brahma.
Age of Brahma
Brahma lifespan = 100 Brahma years = 1 maha kalpa = 1 para
His half lifespan i.e. 50yrs is one Paraardha (i.e. Para ardha. Ardha means half), and second 50 yrs is another paraardha.
After 100 Brahma yrs, another 100 Brahma yrs will pass till new Brahma is born.
1 Brahma year has 12 brahma months.
1 brahma month has 30 brahma days(daytime+nighttime)
1 brahma day has 2 kalpas. (i.e. 1 kalpa=daytime, called Adhi and 1 kalpa=nighttime, called sandhi wherein earth and all lifeforms are in state of rest due to destruction by Lord Shiva. Also called Pralaya wherein the world {earth and all life forms, but not the entire universe itself} is destroyed and lies in a state of rest)
1 kalpa = 1000 Mahayugas = 14 manvantaras
1 manvantara = 71 mahayugas. (each manvantara is ruled by a Manu who is created by brahma)
1 mahayuga = 4 yugas.
But, we said 1 kalpa =14 manvantaras =1000 mahayugas. And 1 manvantara = 71 mahayugas. Whereas, 14x71 = 994 mahayuga only. what abt remaining 6? We will come to this question later.
We said 1 mahayuga= 4 yugas. They are:
1. Satya yuga
2. Treta yuga
3. Dwapar yuga
4. Kali yuga
If Kali yuga has 'X' number of years, then Dwapar yuga = 2X, Treta yuga = 3X and Satya Yuga = 4X.
This 'X' is called Karana, which is equal to 4,32,000 human years.
1,728,000 human years = 1 Satya Yuga = 4X
1,296,000 human years = 1 Tretā Yuga = 3X
8,64,000 human years = 1 Dvāpara Yuga = 2X
4,32,000 human years = 1 Kali Yuga = 1X
Coming back to the question: 14x71 = 994 mahayuga only. what abt remaining 6?
Answer: each manvantara is followed by one sandhi kaal = 4X (during this time entire earth submerged in water). This gives 14 sandhi kaal. We need to count one Sandhi kaal before the first manvantara. So it gives 14+1 = 15 sandhi kaals = 15 x 4X = 60X = 6 x 10X = 6 x (4X+3X+2X+X). This time equals 6 Mahayugas.
Hence,
1 kalpa = 14 Manvantaras = {14 x (71 mahayugas)} + {(15 x 4X)} = {14 x (71 mahayugas)} + {6 Mahayugas} = 994+ 6 mahayugas = 1000 mahayugas.
Now to understand details of mahayuga (satyayug+tretayug+dwaparyug+kaliyug), we need to understand the Age of Devas, Age of Pitru (i.e.age of our ancestors) and how they are related to Age of a Human Being.
Age of Pitru
Our Pitrus(ancestors) reside in Pitru Lok. Pitru Lok is like a different planetary system wherein 3 generations of our ancestors reside.
In Pitrulok, 1 complete Pitru day(daytime+nighttime) = 30 complete human days.
So 15 human days is daytime for Pitru and another 15 human days is nighttime for Pitru.
So, 1 Pitru day = 1 Human month
Pitru daytime = 15 human days = New Moon to Full moon
This is called Shukla Paksha. During this period moon gets brighter. This is daytime for Pitrus/ancestors.
We have named these 15 days as below:
1. New Moon/Prathama ==> 2. dwitiya ==> 3. tritiya ==> 4. chathurthi ==> 5. panchami ==> 6. shashti ==> 7. Saptami ==> 8. ashtami ==> 9. navami ==> 10. dashami ==>11. ekadashi ==> 12. dwadashi ==> 13. thrayodashi ==> 14. chathurdashi ==> 15. Pournami or Poornima or Full moon.
Pitru nighttime = 15 human days = Full moon to new moon
This is called Krishna Paksha. During this period moon gets darker. This is nighttime for Pitrus/ancestors.
[1. Full moon/Prathama ==> 2. dwitiya ==> 3. tritiya ==> 4. chathurthi ==> 5. panchami ==> 6. shashti ==> 7. Saptami ==> 8. ashtami ==> 9. navami ==> 10. dashami ==>11. ekadashi ==> 12. dwadashi ==> 13. thrayodashi ==> 14. chathurdashi ==> 15. Amavasya or new moon]
Hence,
1 human day = 24 hrs
1 complete day of Pitru = 30 human days
Lifespan of Pitru = 100 Pitru years = 100 x (12 pitru months) = 100 x (12 x {30 pitru days}) = 100 x (12 x {30 x 30 human days}) = 100 x (30 x {12 x 30 human days}) i.e. reshuffling= 100 x (30 x 1 human year) = 3000 human years
Hence, Lifespan of Pitru = 3000 human years
It is said that in Pitru Lok, ancestors will suffer from thirst and hunger. That is why we perform Tarpan and Shraadhdha to give them relief.
In Tarpan, water is offered. Tarpan is performed every ammavasya, which comes once in a human month, i.e. once in one Pitru day.
In Shraadhdha food is offered. Shraadhdha is performed once in a human year, i.e. once in 12 human months i..e once in 12 pitru days. It is said that Pitrus accept it in form of birds or through the bodies of Brahmanas who are invited and offered food.
DevaLok (where Devatas reside)
Devalok is another planetary system where devatas reside.
1 aho for Devata = 6 human months wherein sun travels south to north (Uttaraayana)
1 raatre for Devata = 6 human months wherein sun travels north to south (Dakshinaayana)
Aayana means journey/dwelling. Uttar means north and dakshin means south. It takes 6 months for Sun to move from South to North. This is called Uttaraayana. And it takes 6 months for Sun to move North to South. This is called Dakshinaayana.
Hence,
1 ahoraatram for Deva = 1 human year = 2 Aayana
1 year for Deva (called divine year) = 360 ahoraatram = 360 human years
Lifespan of Deva = 12,000 divine years = 12,000 x 360 human years = 4,320,000 human years = 1 Mahayuga.
Currently,
We are in 51st year of Brahma, i.e. second paraardha.
In that, we are in 1st day or 1st kalpa called shwetha varaha kalpa.
In that 7th Manvantara called vaivaswatha or sraadhadeva.
In that 28th mahayuga, in that Kaliyuga which began in 3102 BC.
so 3102 bc + 2015ad = 5117 years have elapsed in current kaliyuga. Still 4,26,983 yrs remain.
In kaliyuga, we are in prathama paada.
During Brahma's daytime, he appoints 14 Manus. Each Manvantara is created and ruled by a specific Manu. Manu creates the world, and all its species during that period of time, each Manvantara lasts the lifetime of a Manu, upon whose death, the next Manu continues the cycle of Creation or Shristi. Vishnu on his part takes Avatar to protect the world, and also a new Indra and Saptarishis are appointed.
After 14 manus, comes Brahma's nighttime and shiva destroys. Again when daytime arrives Brahma appoints 14 manus...goes on...
1 Maha Yuga consists of 4 yugas (satya+treta+dwapar+kali yuga)
400 + 4,000 + 400 = 4,800 divine years (= 1,728,000 human years) = 1 Satya Yuga = 4X
300 + 3,000 + 300 = 3,600 divine years (= 1,296,000 human years) = 1 Tretā Yuga = 3X
200 + 2,000 + 200 = 2,400 divine years (= 864,000 human years) = 1 Dvāpara Yuga = 2X
100 + 1,000 + 100 = 1,200 divine years (= 432,000 human years) = 1 Kali Yuga = 1X
1 kalpa = 14 Manvantaras = 14 x (71 mahayugas) + (15x4X) = 994 + (15x4800 divine yrs) = 994+ (72,000 divine yrs) = 994+(6x12000divine yrs) = 994+ 6 = 1000.
X is called Kaarana.
total = 4800 + 3600+ 2400 + 1200 = 12,000 divine yrs = 4,32,000 human r solar yrs = 4.32 million solar yrs
We hear so many words in sanskrit like muhurta, tithi,paksha etc. Each and everything is related to scientific time calculations.
Muhurta - 48min. (30 muhurtas = 24hrs)
Tithi - time period in which the longitudinal angle between the sun and moon increases by 12 degree.
[Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours]
Aho - period during which sun is visible on earth (daytime)
raatri - period during which sun is not visible on earth (nighttime)
Ahoraatram - one complete day (daytime+nighttime)
Paksha - 15 ahoraatram
Masa - month = 30 days = 2 pakshas (krishnapaksha+shuklapaksha)
ritu - season = 2 months
Ayana - 6 months = 3 ritu/6 months
Samvatsara - 1 yr = 2 ayana (uttar ayana + dakshin ayana)
A Hindu muhurta (moment) can be represented in five attributes of Hindu astronomy namely,
1. vara the weekday,
2. tithi,
3. nakshatra the Moon's asterism,
4. yoga the angular relationship between Sun and Moon and
5. karana half of tithi.
Now dont think that these details on Kalpa and Manvantara seem funny. Hinduism explains facts through stories and characters so that even a layman can understand. If I go and tell a layman that there is a constellation out there wherein unlike earth which rotates in 24hrs and revolves sun in 365 days, there are planetary objects which have a different Sun with different rotation/revolution time and hence has a daytime of 6 months and nighttime of 6 months, his head will start revolving. We have personified earth as Bhoomadevi, Sun as SuryaDev, Moon as Chandra Dev. Similarly by PitruLok and Devlok we refer to some planetary system. As per science we say even Sun has its own life and will die down slowly in trillions of years. And from Hinduism what i understand is all Gods and deities are nothing but some planetary or cosmic forces which control the lives not only on earth but may be also on other planets in some unknown, far-off galaxy. Brahma is the Universe..may be bing bang theory is his law of creation. Vishnu is the forces residing within which try to balance each other so that the Brahmand stays alive and Shiva the destructive force which does not mean that he ends everything..but he replenishes for a new beginning.
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